{"id":363,"date":"2024-09-17T09:04:42","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T09:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/?p=363"},"modified":"2024-09-17T09:29:00","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T09:29:00","slug":"infarto-de-miocardio-causas-sintomas-y-tratamiento","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/en\/infarto-de-miocardio-causas-sintomas-y-tratamiento\/","title":{"rendered":"After the heart attack - Magazine - La Vanguardia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"363\" class=\"elementor elementor-363\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a5592cc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a5592cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79ab67c2\" data-id=\"79ab67c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63ccfe95 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"63ccfe95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 320 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-63ccfe95\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-321\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/en\/category\/consejos-saludables\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">HEALTHY ADVICE<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-322\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/en\/category\/noticias\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">NEWS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 958 271S929 208 896 208H104C71 208 42 237 42 271S71 333 104 333ZM104 583H896C929 583 958 554 958 521S929 458 896 458H104C71 458 42 487 42 521S71 583 104 583ZM104 833H896C929 833 958 804 958 771S929 708 896 708H104C71 708 42 737 42 771S71 833 104 833Z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-close\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M742 167L500 408 258 167C246 154 233 150 217 150 196 150 179 158 167 167 154 179 150 196 150 212 150 229 154 242 171 254L408 500 167 742C138 771 138 800 167 829 196 858 225 858 254 829L496 587 738 829C750 842 767 846 783 846 800 846 817 842 829 829 842 817 846 804 846 783 846 767 842 750 829 737L588 500 833 258C863 229 863 200 833 171 804 137 775 137 742 167Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-63ccfe95\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-321\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/en\/category\/consejos-saludables\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">HEALTHY ADVICE<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-322\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/en\/category\/noticias\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">NEWS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc9b49a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bc9b49a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34bcd52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34bcd52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">After the heart attack - Magazine - La Vanguardia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba52612 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ba52612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cae3aa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cae3aa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Acute myocardial infarction is a serious medical condition that occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked by a blood clot, preventing the flow of oxygen to the heart muscle. This blockage is caused, in most cases, by an atheroma plaque that ruptures, leading to the formation of a thrombus. The area of the heart that depends on the blocked artery begins to undergo necrosis, i.e. tissue death, which determines the severity of the infarction.<\/p><p>Although myocardial infarction may seem like an unexpected event, in many cases it is related to the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking or diabetes. However, unlike angina pectoris, myocardial infarction is not necessarily triggered by physical exertion or an obvious external event. It can occur at rest and without clear prior signs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed52395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed52395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A\nFIRE\nFOREST FIRE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ece3b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ece3b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\"Talking about a heart attack is like talking about a forest fire: there are devastating ones and there are small ones. Dr Garc\u00eda-Dorado's comparison, who continues: \"The first thing to do is to prevent them, the second is to put out the fire quickly: \"The first thing to do is to prevent them, and the second is to put out the fire quickly: heart cells are like trees that are dying in a forest fire. Hours count in putting out the flames. The sooner it is treated, the less serious it can be, and the third thing is to prevent further outbreaks: a small heart attack is a big warning. To prevent new cardiovascular accidents, Garc\u00eda-Dorado explains, \"you have to follow the doctor's instructions to the letter, taking all the necessary medication, and change your lifestyle\". A heart attack or angina pectoris occurs when one of the arteries that oxygenate and nourish the heart becomes blocked. When the obstruction is partial and no heart cells die, it is angina, but if it is total and there is cell death, it is an infarction, which leaves permanent damage to the heart, and we normally call infarction an acute myocardial infarction, but this obstruction can occur in other organs. It is estimated that in Spain there are about 70,000 heart attacks and angina pectoris each year.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b9af48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2b9af48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"914\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-09-17-a-las-11.16.18.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-371\" alt=\"Hombre en bicicleta est\u00e1tica en inscor\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-09-17-a-las-11.16.18.png 914w, https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-09-17-a-las-11.16.18-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-09-17-a-las-11.16.18-768x402.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 914px) 100vw, 914px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f2b424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f2b424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FOLLOWING A\nNOTICE LIKE\nTHIS IS\nLEARN\nTO SET\nLIMITS AND\nPRIORITIZE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7d5e65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7d5e65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\"I have learned to love life and to seek the support of others\", says Jos\u00e9 Luis Jim\u00e9nez, 69, who suffered a heart attack more than ten years ago. Imma Bu\u00f1uel, 50, suffered angina pectoris two years ago: \"It forced me to stop. I am learning to regulate my levels of self-demand, to set limits and to prioritise\". Joan Manils, 56, had a heart attack on Epiphany 2008. \"Now I have a completely different way of life,\" he explains. 58-year-old V\u00edctor L\u00f3pez, who had a heart attack on 29 October, is happy to be able to talk about it. And Mariano Hernanz, 78 years old and with three heart attacks under his belt, says: \"The heart attack helped me to reorganise my life\".<\/p><p>Dr David Garc\u00eda-Dorado, clinical director of the heart department at Vall d'Hebron Hospital in Barcelona, believes that being able to ask the question of what a heart attack is for is a precious second chance. \"Having to deal with recovering from a heart attack is fortunate, because more than a third of those who suffer a heart attack do not make it to hospital alive. Dr Almudena Castro, coordinator of the cardiac rehabilitation unit at La Paz hospital in Madrid, explains: \"We always tell them: 'You have had time to get there and be treated. This is how \u00c1ngel Jara, 52, who suffered a heart attack on 31 October, sees it: \"It was a warning that marks a before and an after, because the next warning could be the pine box\".<\/p><p>After a cardiovascular accident such as a heart attack or angina pectoris, the patient is treated in hospital and, once they are discharged, they go home with a report on the repercussions of their heart attack. A stress test is performed,\" explains Dr Garc\u00eda-Dorado, \"medication is prescribed and the patient is given information on how to control risk factors and advice on how to improve their lifestyle. In principle, the patient can lead a normal life within a short period of time. Depending on the severity, the patient can return to the daily routine alone, progressively, or with specialised help. Cardiac rehabilitation units play an important role here, which are widely available in other countries but are not yet widely offered here.<\/p><p>Dr Dorado explains: \"If you sprain your ankle, you immediately receive rehabilitation sessions with a physiotherapist, but not with the heart, a vital muscle that has broken down. Dr Castro explains: \"The philosophy is to do cardiac education, that is, to help the patient change their lifestyle. Dr Muriel Binia, from the Institute of Cardiovascular Health and Cardiac Rehabilitation (Inscor), agrees: \"Lifting your leg is not enough, you have to change the way you live. Rehabilitation lasts about four months and the improvement is spectacular. It is calculated that with good rehabilitation the risk of subsequent cardiovascular accidents is reduced by 30%\". Exercise, emotions and diet<\/p><p>After suffering a heart attack, recovery is based on three main pillars: physical exercise, psychological treatment to manage stress and emotions, and improving and adapting the diet. Exercise has to be incorporated gradually so that the patient listens to his or her body. There are patients,\" says Castro, \"who leave the hospital with a lot of doubts, with fear, and they hardly move from their homes.<\/p><p>This is what happened to 68-year-old Pilar Sanz, who had a heart attack and two cardiac arrests on 29 September. When she returned home from La Paz, she felt uneasy: \"My daughter came to do the housework and cooking for me. My son and my husband protected me and pampered me, but after taking care of yourself so much, you think you are no longer worth anything. I was sent to cardiac rehabilitation and there I felt well again. I've always been a homebody, sewing, crocheting... but now I'm getting a taste for exercise\".<\/p><p>In cardiac rehabilitation, exercise is initially carried out with electrodes on the chest, which allow the state of the heart to be monitored at all times in order to detect any abnormalities. Afterwards, a pulse meter is used to monitor the heart rate. Inscor's physiotherapist, Lourdes Vila, explains that they offer \"very personalised training, teaching them to detect what they can do and with what intensity\". Two types of patients come to them: \"Those who did sport to work out at the weekend and those who didn't do any sport at all. We teach them how to do healthy physical activity, how to handle a heart rate monitor, how to measure heart rate, how blood pressure reacts.<\/p><p>V\u00edctor L\u00f3pez is an example of a sportsman. In fact, ironically enough, the heart attack struck him in the changing rooms of the gym. \"I've always been a sportsman and I go to the gym from Monday to Friday, but I always go fast and don't stop. Now, they make me work out at La Paz, and I ask them to give me a good workout. I guess I still have to make myself aware that I have to stop the machine a bit! Healthy diet Jos\u00e9 Luis Jim\u00e9nez recalls that he had several risk factors. \"I was obese, had a bit of high blood pressure and had been a smoker for many years. Even though I had quit, the damage was already in my arteries. Obesity is one of the most common cardiovascular risk factors, as well as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes and stress.<\/p><p>Inscor dietician B\u00e1rbara Romano points out how important it is to maintain a good weight. \"We explain to them that in order to eat a healthy diet they have to change some habits. There are some common mistakes, such as believing that from now on they can only eat boiled foods, or going on such a draconian diet that they stop it immediately, or thinking that if they eat something light they can eat it in large quantities. It is better to control the quantity of what they eat, to remember the Mediterranean diet and to emphasise that if the patient eats healthy, the whole family eats healthy too. Little by little, they learn to weigh the pros and cons of the new situation. Manils says: \"I had a better time before, I ate what I wanted, but maybe I wouldn't be here to talk about it\".<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc70993 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"dc70993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/inscorcardiologia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Inscor_La-Vanguardia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">SEE FULL ARTICLE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>After a cardiovascular accident, patients radically change their lives: they improve their diet, exercise and learn to manage stress.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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